မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ
(လုၵ်ႉတီး တၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ ၼႆႈသေ ၶိုၼ်းပိၼ်ႇဝၢႆႇမႃး)
| တၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ Türkmenistan (Turkmen) | |||||
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ၵႂၢမ်းၸိုင်ႈမိူင်း: Garaşsyz Bitarap Türkmenistanyň Döwlet Gimni "National Anthem of Independent Neutral Turkmenistan" | |||||
.svg) ဢွင်ႈတီႈ မိူင်းတၢၵ်ႈမႅၼ်ႇၼီႇသတၼ်ႇ (red) | |||||
| ဝဵင်းငဝ်ႈၸိုင်ႈ | Ashgabat 37°58′N 58°20′E / 37.967°N 58.333°E | ||||
| ဝဵင်းယႂ်ႇသေပိူၼ်ႈ | Ashgabat | ||||
| ၽႃႇသႃႇၵႂၢမ်း ၸႂ်ႉၼႂ်းလုမ်း | Turkmen[3] | ||||
| ၸၢဝ်းၶိူဝ်း (2012) | |||||
| လွင်ႈၵိူဝ်းယမ် |
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| Demonym | TurkmenistaniTurkmenian | ||||
| လူင်ပွင်ၸိုင်ႈ | Unitary presidential republic under a totalitarian hereditary dictatorship[4] | ||||
| Serdar Berdimuhamedow | |||||
| Raşit Meredow | |||||
• Chairman of the People's Council | Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow | ||||
| Dünýägözel Gulmanowa | |||||
| လုမ်းတႅၼ်းၽွင်းသၢင်ႈမိူင်း | Assembly | ||||
| Independence from the Soviet Union | |||||
• Conquest | 1879 | ||||
| 13 May 1925 | |||||
• Declared state sovereignty | 22 August 1990 | ||||
• From the Soviet Union | 27 October 1991 | ||||
• Recognized | 26 December 1991 | ||||
| 18 May 1992 | |||||
| ပိုၼ်ႉတီႈ ဢၼ်ပိူင်ႇ | |||||
• ႁူမ်ႈ | [5] (ၸၼ်ႉ: 52nd) | ||||
• ၼမ်ႉ (%) | 4.9 | ||||
| ႁူဝ်ၼပ်ႉၵူၼ်း | |||||
• သဵၼ်ႈမၢႆႁူဝ်ႁိူၼ်း | 7,057,841 [6] | ||||
• လွင်ႈသတ်ႉႁူဝ်ၼပ်ႉၵူၼ်း | (ၸၼ်ႉ- 221st) | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | လၢမ်း 2023 | ||||
• ႁူမ်ႈ |  $126.132 billion[7] (ၸၼ်ႉ- 93nd) | ||||
• Per capita | $19,938[7] (ၸၼ်ႉ - 80th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | လၢမ်း2023 | ||||
• ႁူမ်ႈ | $81.822 billion[7] | ||||
• Per capita | $12,934[7] | ||||
| Gini (1998) | 40.8 ၵၢင် | ||||
| HDI (2021) | 0.745[8] သုင် · 91st | ||||
| ငိုၼ်းတွင်း | Manat (TMT) | ||||
| ၶၢဝ်းယၢမ်းၼႃႈလိၼ် | TMT (UTC+05) | ||||
| ပိူင်သၢႆလူတ်ႉ | right | ||||
| ၶူတ်ႉတႄႇလီႇၾူင်း | +993 | ||||
| Internet TLD | .tm | ||||
ဢၢင်ႈဢိင်
မႄးထတ်း- ↑ "Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality" is the motto of 2020 | Chronicles of Turkmenistan. En.hronikatm.com (28 December 2019).
- ↑ Turkmen parliament places Year 2020 under national motto "Turkmenistan – Homeland of Neutrality" – tpetroleum. Turkmenpetroleum.com (29 December 2019).
- ↑ Turkmenistan's Constitution of 2008.
- ↑ * "Totalitarianism: The Case of Turkmenistan" (2007). Human Rights & Human Welfare (Human Rights in Russia and the Former Soviet Republics): 107–116. Denver: Josef Korbel School of International Studies.
- Williamson, Hugh (24 March 2022). The internet is crucial. “Turkmenistan stands out as a totalitarian state. It gives absolutely no scope to dissident opinions and independent media. The regime censors the internet heavily.”
- (March 2009) Dismantling totalitarianism?: Turkmenistan under Berdimuhamedow. Washington, D.C.: Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. ISBN 9789185937172.
- "Turkmenistan: New president, old ideas"၊ Eurasianet၊ 15 March 2022။
- Nations in Transit: Turkemistan (2016).
- Turkmenistan at Twenty-Five: The High Price of Authoritarianism. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (30 January 2017).
- ↑ Государственный комитет Туркменистана по статистике : Информация о Туркменистане: О Туркменистане Archived 7 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. : Туркменистан — одна из пяти стран Центральной Азии, вторая среди них по площади (491,21 тысяч км2), расположен в юго-западной части региона в зоне пустынь, севернее хребта Копетдаг Туркмено-Хорасанской горной системы, между Каспийским морем на западе и рекой Амударья на востоке.
- ↑ «Ilat ýazuwy — 2022»: Türkmenistanyň ilaty 7 million 57 müň 841 adama deň boldy | Jemgyýet (August 2023).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Turkmenistan). International Monetary Fund (10 October 2023).
- ↑ Human Development Report 2021/2022 (in en). United Nations Development Programme (8 September 2022).